Linear Source for Evaporating Large Area CIGS Absorber Layer

Laws of Large Numbers for Random Linear

The computational solution of large scale linear programming problems contains various difficulties. One of the difficulties is to ensure numerical stability. There is another difficulty of a different nature, namely the original data, contains errors as well. In this paper, we show that the effect of the random errors in the original data has a diminishing tendency for the optimal value as the...

Copper-Indium-Gallium-diSelenide (CIGS) Nanocrystalline Bulk Semiconductor as the Absorber Layer and Its Current Technological Trend and Optimization

The Copper Indium Gallium diSelenide (CIGS) thin film solar cells are considered in this chapter. The interest in Cu(In1-x, Gax)Se2 thin film solar cells has increased significantly due to its promising characteristics for high performance and low cost. It is aimed to present an extensive evaluation on CIGS nanocrystalline bulk semiconductor and its application as an absorber layer for thin fil...

Single-Layer Metamaterial Absorber for Radar Application

Layer-by-layer synthesis of large-area graphene films by thermal cracker enhanced gas source molecular beam epitaxy

A thermal cracker enhanced gas source molecular beam epitaxy system was used to synthesize large-area graphene. Hydrocarbon gas molecules were broken by thermal cracker at very high temperature of 1200 C and then impinged on a nickel substrate. High-quality, large-area graphene films were achieved at 800 C, and this was confirmed by both Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. ...

A Novel Helicon Plasma Source for Large-Area Displays

Helicon wave sources are known for the dense, remote plasmas they create for etching. Recently they have been found to also deposit high-quality oxide layers. By using an array of multiple sources, we hope to create a uniform plasma of arbitrary size for processing flat-panel displays. The dc magnetic field B that helicons require can hopefully be supplied by permanent magnets, thus avoiding th...